Bogor It is one of the oldest and most historically significant cities in Indonesia. Its historical journey reflects a transformation from a royal center, to a colonial city, and ultimately to a modern city developing within the context of urbanization and tourism.

1. The Pajajaran Kingdom Period (Pre-Colonial Era)

• Bogor’s early history began as Pakuan Pajajaran,which was the capital of Sundanese Kingdom in the 15th–16th centuries. This city became the political, economic, and cultural center of Sundanese society at that time. In archaeological and historiographical studies, Pakuan Pajajaran is described as a densely populated settlement and a major city in West Java during the medieval period.

2. The Dutch Colonial Period (Buitenzorg)

• Under Dutch colonialism, Bogor was known as Buitenzorg (meaning ‘without worries’) and it was made an important administrative center as well as the summer residence of the Dutch Governors-General. This marked Bogor’s transformation from a royal center into a colonial city closely tied to the administrative power of the VOC and later the Dutch East Indies government.

• The colonial era was also characterized by the development/construction of Bogor Palace and Bogor Botanical Garden, which became a symbol of power and an important center for botanical research in Southeast Asia.

3. Historical Connections to Urbanization and Tourism (Scientific Study)

• Agustina Multi Purnomo (2021) in her article Urbanization and Tourism Development in Bogor City (jurnal Society, Vol. 9 No. 1) uses a historical approach to show how Bogor’s urbanization has been underway since the period of the kingdom and continued to develop through the colonial period, eventually becoming part of Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). This study also links Bogor’s long history to the development of the tourism sector, which has now become one of the city’s economic pillars.

4. Social Change and Urban Identity

• After Indonesia’s independence, Bogor continued to evolve, becoming a modern city with a significant role in education, government, and tourism.Colonial and pre-colonial heritage remains visible through various historical sites and old buildings scattered throughout the city.

5. A Study of Historical Potential as a City Asset

• Research in Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia (2010) shows that Bogor’s historical value is important to develop as part of its historical tourism potential, including colonial-era sites and royal heritage remains that form part of the city’s historical identity.

Academic Journal References (Primary Sources)

Below are peer-reviewed journals and academic articles that underpin the historical summary above:

1. Purnomo, A. M. (2021). Urbanization and Tourism Development in Bogor City. Society: Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 393‑409. DOI: 10.33019/society.v9i1.338.
   — Artikel ini membahas hubungan antara proses urbanisasi historis Kota Bogor dan perkembangan pariwisata serta peran sejarah dalam struktur urban.

2. (2010). Studi Potensi Lanskap Sejarah untuk Pengembangan Wisata Sejarah di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia, Vol. 2 No. 1.
   — Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi aspek sejarah fisik dan lanskap sejarah di Bogor sebagai potensi pengembangan wisata dan pelestarian.

3. (2015). Conservation of World Heritage Botanical Garden in an Urban Context.
   — Artikel ini memberikan tinjauan sejarah awal Bogor sebagai pusat kerajaan Pakuan Pajajaran dan perubahan fungsinya sebagai kota kolonial yang menonjolkan warisan botani dan urban.